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 The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story

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Conrad



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Sun Aug 09, 2009 9:56 pm

NonEntity wrote:
But I din't get know college edjewcation.

- NonE

I'm gonna ignore your use of the word 'jew' there

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QuestEon



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Sun Aug 09, 2009 10:07 pm

Conrad wrote:
It's not logical inconsistency though. it's non-universalizability. But the criterion of universalizability first has to be established itself. Moreover, even the demonstration of non-universalizability of theft, murder and rape fails in my opinion since technically it is practically possible for everybody to do those at the same time (exceedingly difficult and astronomically unlikely, but possible)

(Keeping in mind that I'm always on thin ice when discussing philosophy....) I used the word logic because I always think of Boolean Logic when it comes to Molyneux's "test" for universalizability, which I think is the huge flaw in it. Your other reasoning above is correct and probably more significant.

Conrad wrote:
QuestEon wrote:
Actually, the best UPB critique ever written was by Stewart:

Stewart wrote:
He thinks ethics are just a bunch of rules that philosophers are trying to ferret out of the ether. He really has no idea what he's talking about. His life now is speaking nonsense to misguided sycophants who don't know any better.

I wish I had simply posted that on my site and saved myself about 12,000 words.

I don't quite understand that quote. You (and Stewart) mean that Stefan's ethical reasoning really has nothing to do with ethics? In the sense that when we reason about ethics we don't use such abstract criteria, but things like sympathy, fairness, context, etc.?

To be fair, I took him out of context. He may not even have been talking about UPB. I just thought it was funny.

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QuestEon



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Sun Aug 09, 2009 10:09 pm

P.S. Nonny's right. "Universalizability" isn't even close to being a word. But I humored you anyway.

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Conrad



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 12:54 am

'universalizability' = the capacity to be universalized

universalize = generalize so as to apply to everybody or everything within a certain explicitly or implicitly specified domain.

in the case of Stefan's ethics stuff: can an action be universalized? = can it be performed by everybody (+ at the same time)? does it have universalizability?



morons

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QuestEon



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 1:19 am

Conrad wrote:
'universalizability' = the capacity to be universalized

universalize = generalize so as to apply to everybody or everything within a certain explicitly or implicitly specified domain.

in the case of Stefan's ethics stuff: can an action be universalized? = can it be performed by everybody (+ at the same time)? does it have universalizability?



morons


Holeee crap! It's for realz after all...I kant believe it.

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Alex



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 8:10 am

ExyPhylo wrote:

As an aside... does anyone love Nature Valley Sweet n Salty Nut Almond Granola bars as much as I do?


Oh yes!

They are really QFG! Its my lifelong cooking ambition to improve on the 'trail bar' and have experimented from time to time with various concoctions akin to powerbars, granola bars, etc.. So I was really impressed by the flavors in the NV SnS bars. A bit sweet, and unfortunately quite meltable (in a backpack in summer for instance), but for a mass consumer product they are damn good.

Edit:

And to stay a bit more-on (phht!) topic....

WTF are you talking about r/e universalizability? Stefan may take it to mean that something can be done by everyone at the same moment, but there isn't anything inherent in the concept of universalizability to suggest that is a requirement.

Theft: I steal from you, you steal from X, X steals from me. Whether or not we can easily do this in the same moment is irrelevant (because this isn't the only way to have something 'universalized'). Its also irrelevant whether or not our original aims (to gain property easily and semi-permanently) are satisfied in the way we intended, or disrupted by the constant thievery... If we start thieving and our intention to keep what we've stolen is interrupted consistently but we keep thieving, either we're just in the habit of theft and are irrational, or are still gaining something, albeit a different something than we first set out with as a plan.

Sorry for the aside but I just don't see how one can argue against the universalizability of UPB without giving the concept more treatment than simply discounting it on the most ridiculous application (the instantaneous enactment of a behavior by everyone). Whether or not Stefan does this himself isn't that important: Yes, the onus is on him to sell his argument, but the argument, in itself doesn't require perfect representation by a salesman. Either its wrong, flawed, right, irrelevant, etc.. in itself.

By discounting this on its most ludicrous application you just weaken your own argument significantly, IMO.

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QuestEon



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 10:26 am

Alex wrote:
WTF are you talking about r/e universalizability? Stefan may take it to mean that something can be done by everyone at the same moment, but there isn't anything inherent in the concept of universalizability to suggest that is a requirement.

Theft: I steal from you, you steal from X, X steals from me. Whether or not we can easily do this in the same moment is irrelevant (because this isn't the only way to have something 'universalized'). Its also irrelevant whether or not our original aims (to gain property easily and semi-permanently) are satisfied in the way we intended, or disrupted by the constant thievery... If we start thieving and our intention to keep what we've stolen is interrupted consistently but we keep thieving, either we're just in the habit of theft and are irrational, or are still gaining something, albeit a different something than we first set out with as a plan.

Sorry for the aside but I just don't see how one can argue against the universalizability of UPB without giving the concept more treatment than simply discounting it on the most ridiculous application (the instantaneous enactment of a behavior by everyone). Whether or not Stefan does this himself isn't that important: Yes, the onus is on him to sell his argument, but the argument, in itself doesn't require perfect representation by a salesman. Either its wrong, flawed, right, irrelevant, etc.. in itself.

I'll start the answer to that. I could be all wrong, but then I always learn faster by having someone correct me.

The problem with universalizability (still a dumb word, IMO!) in the case of Molyneux is that if he is working in a Kantian framework (as Shahar suggests) then he'll have the same problem with universalizability that Kant does:

Danny Shahar wrote:
So what's my problem? The objection is one that has been commonly raised against Kant; I'll call it the Maxim Description Problem (there's probably an "official" name for it somewhere, but I don't know what it is). The problem is this: Our evaluation of an action will depend on the maxim on which we are acting when we perform it. But any individual action can be justified by a number of different possible maxims. Accordingly, we could reach the conclusion that an act is permissible or impermissible depending on the maxim that is being used to justify it.

I'll leave that point up to people who have read more than I have on the subject.

But there are more problems with Molyneux. The way he frames his "maxims," if that's what they are, is the first very troubling thing I saw in UPB, but wondered if maybe my ignorance in philosophy prevented me from understanding it. But here's what I think anyway. Danny first picked up on the problem in his critiique when he said:

Danny Shahar wrote:
The next step in Stefan's ethical theory is a bit more troubling, but ultimately can be repaired to make sense. On page 66, Stefan writes:

Stefan Molyneux wrote:
The opposite of "virtue" must be "vice" - the opposite of "good" must be "evil." If I propose the moral rule "thou shalt not steal," then stealing must be evil, and not stealing must be good.


It should immediately be recognized that "not stealing" is not the opposite of stealing, but is rather the negation of stealing. To illustrate this point: Most people would say that the opposite of "black" is "white." But "not black" is not the same thing as "white." "Green" is "not black," but it isn't "white."

Unfortunately, if we try to repair Stefan's point by changing the word "opposite" to "negation," then the point becomes false. The negation of "virtue" isn't "vice," and nor is the negation of "good" "evil." A person can lack virtue without displaying vice, and a person can be not good without being evil

Molyneux's problem--which led to the issue you're describing--is that he tried to frame Kantian-like maxims as logical statements.

Because I always try to keep one finger on Molyneux's psychology and the elements that drive his thinking, it makes sense to me that he makes such a fusion. He's a software guy and what he is using here is Boolean logic, which I suppose works perfectly well in Tron, but not so much I think in human ethics" "If some action is good, then NOT some action is bad."

But that's not the same as opposite behavior, it's simply negation, as Danny easily demonstrates. Still, Molyneux's Boolean thinking is what also led him to his strange idea of simultaneous behaviors (never noticing that in every case, one of the behaviors is always inaction). Molyneux's fusion of his own approach to logic and Kant's maxim approach is responsible for the self-detonation. Even before we get to the Kant "maxim description problem," (as Danny calls it), Molyneux's universalizability failure is that he is not even evaluating opposite actions, simultaneously committed or not.

Danny charitably soldiered on, but because I don't think it can be repaired, for me the whole thing crashes and burns right there.

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Conrad



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 11:37 am

Alex wrote:
ExyPhylo wrote:

As an aside... does anyone love Nature Valley Sweet n Salty Nut Almond Granola bars as much as I do?


Oh yes!

They are really QFG! Its my lifelong cooking ambition to improve on the 'trail bar' and have experimented from time to time with various concoctions akin to powerbars, granola bars, etc.. So I was really impressed by the flavors in the NV SnS bars. A bit sweet, and unfortunately quite meltable (in a backpack in summer for instance), but for a mass consumer product they are damn good.

Edit:

And to stay a bit more-on (phht!) topic....

WTF are you talking about r/e universalizability? Stefan may take it to mean that something can be done by everyone at the same moment, but there isn't anything inherent in the concept of universalizability to suggest that is a requirement.

that's why I put that bit between brackets. It's an extra requirement that need not be (but can be) part of universalizability. This is how Stefan uses it in his argument though

Quote:
Theft: I steal from you, you steal from X, X steals from me. Whether or not we can easily do this in the same moment is irrelevant (because this isn't the only way to have something 'universalized'). Its also irrelevant whether or not our original aims (to gain property easily and semi-permanently) are satisfied in the way we intended, or disrupted by the constant thievery... If we start thieving and our intention to keep what we've stolen is interrupted consistently but we keep thieving, either we're just in the habit of theft and are irrational, or are still gaining something, albeit a different something than we first set out with as a plan.

Sorry for the aside but I just don't see how one can argue against the universalizability of UPB without giving the concept more treatment than simply discounting it on the most ridiculous application (the instantaneous enactment of a behavior by everyone). Whether or not Stefan does this himself isn't that important: Yes, the onus is on him to sell his argument, but the argument, in itself doesn't require perfect representation by a salesman. Either its wrong, flawed, right, irrelevant, etc.. in itself.

By discounting this on its most ludicrous application you just weaken your own argument significantly, IMO.

No I didn't. You are mistaken.


(okay, I just like saying that)

I'm arguing against the way Stefan uses it, and as I wrote 'to the extent that what is good should be possible it is not a bad criterion[/i], but Stefan's use is crappy, also because he seems to discount morally neutral actions, or non-bad rather than morally good actions, or positive moral actions. Whatever.

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NonEntity



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 12:38 pm

LaraBars. They are raw. They are EXCELLENT. Check them out.

I'm becoming more and more a raw foodist for lots of reasons. Cooking kills food. Why would you want to eat dead food?

Next subject.

I can't respond to Danny's arguments as he is vastly more educated in referential material of which I have no knowledge, so I can only speak on the basis of my own logical analysis. That being the case, let me throw this out in support of U.P.B.

There is an argument regarding property which I find powerful. It is the idea that property is self evident in that any animal will protect his property, and even a thief is an example of property in that the reason that a thief steels something is so that he can have it for himself, and that is proof that the stuff he steels is property.

I don't know if I stated that clearly, but I find that to be a pretty convincing argument for the idea of property. Note that I did NOT say property RIGHTS. That is another issue which I have delved into elsewhere and is not pertinent here.

Okay, on to U.P.B. As I see the idea. Totally separate from whatever the hell Stef says or argues or whatever.

It is the nature of all living things to have life, to have freedom. If something does not desire life, as many come to in the course of their lives, they generally will cease living, through lack of giving a shit, or through an active choice like suicide. Without freedom, a living thing is incapable of doing that which it needs in order to continue living and to prosper, so freedom is inexorably linked to life. One must have freedom in order to attend to whatever it is that the organism needs at the moment.

So each living organism desires life and requires freedom for itself. The fact that it is alive attests to this. This is universal. It is prefered, in that life will suffer to the extent that it is lacking. I may live in a prison, but I will not thrive.

Whatever that "spririt" is that is within us which motivates us to live, to smile (an evidence that the needs of that spirit have been satisfied), to have the motivation to eat and exercise and play and so on. Whatever that is requires freedom. Look at caged animals as evidence.

So just like the idea that a thief, by steeling something, proves the concept of property, so the nature of life and living prove the universality of prefered behaviors, like freedom of action.

I'm sure I've made a hash of that, but I hope you may see what it is that I'm getting at.


Okay, your turn. Have at it.

- NonE
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Danny Shahar



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 12:56 pm

NonE, I think it's important to separate the idea of private property from Molyneux's theory of private property. We're all libertarians here, and certainly don't want to suggest that there's no substance to the concept of private property. I think it's fairly clear that humans become attached to their material possessions, and that their relationships with these objects become critical to their well-being. It further seems to me that at least one core part of why we respect property rights is our appreciation of the moral significance of this connection. Another core part is our appreciation of the capacity of property institutions to make us into good neighbors, to give rise to a price system which helps us to coordinate our actions, to allow us to form reliable expectations and plans -- in other words, of the power of private property institutions to produce the kind of society we want to live in.

None of what I have argued should blind us to any of these important insights, which have been passed down to us in various forms from thinkers like Locke, Mises, Hayek, Nozick, Lomasky, and countless others. In rejecting Molyneux's particular theory, we are most certainly not rejecting private property or libertarianism. The problem is that as articulated, Molyneux's theory does not work. The thief clearly does something objectionable to his victim, but the problem is not that "not stealing" is somehow "objectively required" of people by the immutable laws of reason and evidence, or that everyone couldn't possibly be stealing at all times, no matter the circumstances. And so while Molyneux arrives at conclusions that I don't think many of us would want to reject (remember, he sat down to prove the libertarian ethics we already accept, and that's pretty much the sort of paradigm he arrived at), I think we nevertheless have to reject his theory.
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NonEntity



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 1:55 pm

Ah Geeeze!

Did I fail to communicate THAT BADLY???
Did you miss this part:
NonE wrote:
Okay, on to U.P.B. As I see the idea. Totally separate from whatever the hell Stef says or argues or whatever.


And I guess that it wasn't clear that I wasn't talking about private property AT ALL, I was only trying to make a relationship sorta like they do in those I.Q. tests when they say A is to B as C is to D or some such.

Maybe I'll try again sometime when I'm feeling more coherent.

- NonE
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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 2:48 pm

Well but then what does "universally preferable behavior" mean/have to do with anything if not what Molyneux means and intends by it?
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Stewart



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 3:17 pm

Danny wrote:
We're all libertarians here, and certainly don't want to suggest that there's no substance to the concept of private property.


Speak for yourself.

Of course there is quite literally nothing of substance to the concept of private property, since it's just a concept, attached as it is to a metaphysical construct. I think suggesting that it has no substance would be a pleasant step forward.
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Danny Shahar



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 3:24 pm

No...physical substance? Are there people who think that property institutions are physical substances?
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NonEntity



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PostSubject: Re: The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story   Mon Aug 10, 2009 3:28 pm

Danny Shahar wrote:
Well but then what does "universally preferable behavior" mean/have to do with anything if not what Molyneux means and intends by it?


That is what I was trying to convey. Forget about Molyneux. Look at the idea of property. Even those who try to say it doesn't exist are caught up in the reality that observing proves that it DOES exist.

Okay?

Now, look at life. Observe the basic nature of it. There are some few Universally Preferable Behaviors, like desiring freedom of action, for instance, that are pretty definitional of life. A rock doesn't have any preferences. Or at least none that we can know. Life forms do. And a few of these are pretty universal. We don't universally prefer chocolate over vanilla, but we do universally prefer breathing over non-breathing. We prefer the freedom of action which living demands over being fed by a tube in a dark concrete box with no room to move. Etc.

Zat help?

- NonE
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The Promise and Failure of UPB--the Inside Story

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